Offline Configuration Guide - ESP32 Smart Farming

Step 1: Setup Type Selection

BASIC_SETUP

Minimal configuration with soil moisture sensor only

Features:
• Soil moisture monitoring
• No display
• Fully automated
• Lowest resource usage

STANDARD_SETUP

Basic setup with DHT22 sensor and LCD 1602 display

Features:
• Temperature & humidity
• LCD 1602 display
• 3 cycling screens
• Manual monitoring

POTENTIOMETER_SETUP

Standard setup with real-time threshold control

Features:
• All standard features
• Potentiometer control
• Real-time adjustment
• Visual feedback

PROFESSIONAL_SETUP

Complete setup with all sensors and rotary encoder

Features:
• All sensors included
• LCD 2004 display
• Rotary encoder menu
• Professional control

CUSTOM_SETUP

Full manual configuration for advanced users

Features:
• Complete control
• Manual sensor selection
• Custom display options
• Advanced configuration

Step 2: Hardware Pin Configuration

ESP32 Pinout Diagram

ESP32 Dev Board
┌─────────────────┐
│  3.3V  ●    ●   │ VIN
│   GND  ●    ●   │ GND
│ GPIO36 ●    ●   │ GPIO19 ← Water Pump Relay
│ GPIO21 ●    ●   │ GPIO22 ← LCD SCL
│ GPIO22 ●    ●   │ GPIO23 ← Red LED
│ GPIO23 ●    ●   │ GPIO18 ← Green LED
│ GPIO18 ●    ●   │ GPIO5 ← DHT Sensor
│ GPIO19 ●    ●   │ GPIO39 ← LDR Sensor
│ GPIO5  ●    ●   │ GPIO34 ← Potentiometer
│ GPIO4  ●    ●   │ GPIO16 ← Encoder CLK
│ GPIO16 ●    ●   │ GPIO17 ← Encoder DT
│ GPIO17 ●    ●   │ GPIO4 ← Encoder Button
└─────────────────┘

Essential Pins

SOIL_MOISTURE_PIN GPIO 36 (ADC1_CH0)

RELAY_PIN GPIO 19

LED_GREEN_PIN GPIO 18

LED_RED_PIN GPIO 23

Optional Pins

DHT_PIN GPIO 5

LDR_PIN GPIO 39 (ADC1_CH3)

LCD_SDA_PIN GPIO 21

LCD_SCL_PIN GPIO 22

Step 3: Irrigation Settings

Soil Moisture Threshold

SOIL_MOISTURE_THRESHOLD

30%

Default threshold for starting irrigation

Plant Recommendations:
Succulents: 10-15% | Herbs: 20-25%
Vegetables: 30-40% | Tropical: 40-50%

Irrigation Duration

IRRIGATION_DURATION

5000ms

How long the pump runs per irrigation cycle

Guidelines:
Small plants: 3-5 seconds
Large plants: 10-15 seconds

Cooldown Period

IRRIGATION_COOLDOWN

300000ms

Minimum time between irrigations

Recommendation:
5-30 minutes depending on plant needs

Sensor Configuration

Sensor Calibration

Soil Moisture Sensor

Calibrate by testing in dry air and water:

Dry Value: 4095
SOIL_MOISTURE_DRY_VALUE

Wet Value: 0
SOIL_MOISTURE_WET_VALUE

DHT Sensor Settings

Reading interval and validation:

Read Interval: 2000ms
DHT_READ_INTERVAL

Sensor Validation

Temperature Validation

Valid temperature range:

Min: -10.0°C
MIN_TEMPERATURE

Max: 60.0°C
MAX_TEMPERATURE

Humidity Validation

Valid humidity range:

Min: 0.0%
MIN_HUMIDITY

Max: 100.0%
MAX_HUMIDITY

Safety & Protection Features

Watchdog Timer

30s

Prevents system hangs and crashes

Config: WATCHDOG_ENABLED, WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT

Pump Protection

5min

Maximum continuous pump runtime

Config: MAX_PUMP_RUNTIME, PUMP_RUNTIME_PROTECTION

Emergency Stop

GPIO 0

Manual emergency shutdown capability

Config: EMERGENCY_STOP_ENABLED, EMERGENCY_STOP_PIN

System Behavior & Timing

Timing Configuration

Sensor Reading Interval 5000ms

Status Check Interval 1000ms

Heartbeat Interval 60000ms

Error Handling

Max Sensor Errors 5

Recovery Attempts 3

Recovery Delay 5000ms

EEPROM Configuration

Data Persistence

What Gets Saved

• Soil moisture threshold
• Daily irrigation count
• Last irrigation timestamp
• DHT sensor status
• System health flags

Save Triggers

• Periodic (every 5 minutes)
• On threshold changes
• On irrigation events
• On emergency stop

Complete Configuration Examples

Minimal Setup

// Minimal: Soil sensor only
#define DHT_SENSOR_TYPE DHT_NONE
#define DISPLAY_TYPE DISPLAY_NONE
#define CONTROL_TYPE CONTROL_NONE
#define LDR_SENSOR_TYPE LDR_NONE

Professional Setup

// All features enabled
#define DHT_SENSOR_TYPE DHT_TYPE_22
#define DISPLAY_TYPE DISPLAY_LCD_2004
#define CONTROL_TYPE CONTROL_ROTARY_ENCODER
#define LDR_SENSOR_TYPE LDR_TYPE_ENABLED